Alzheimer's Resources

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Resources for People with Alzheimer's, Family, & Clinicians

Kenneth S. Pope, Ph.D., ABPP

The resources on this page are intended to help people with Alzheimer's, families, and the clinicians who work with them to find information, support, and other resources.

This site is designed to be fully accessible for people with disabilities; please follow this link to change text size, color, or contrast; please follow this link for other accessibility functions for those with visual, mobility, and other disabilities

PLEASE NOTE: This web site includes 4 other pages of related sets of resources (as well as those topics listed along the left side of each page of this site):

I've organized the resources below into 4 groups:

  1. Psychological & Other Nonmedical Interventions for Alzheimer's: Articles Published in 2009-2011

  2. Exercise & Alzheimer's: Articles on Prevention & Intervention

  3. Helpful Alzheimer's & Dementia Books

  4. Links to Websites

I hope you find these resources helpful.

Psychological & Other Nonmedical Interventions for Alzheimer's: Articles Published in 2009-2011

  1. Alnes, R. E., Kirkevold, M., & Skovdahl, K. (2011). Insights gained through Marte Meo Counselling: Experiences of nurses in dementia specific care units. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 6(2), 123-132. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2010.00229.x

  2. Auclair, U., Epstein, C., & Mittelman, M. (2009). Couples counseling in Alzheimer’s disease: Additional clinical findings from a novel intervention study. Clinical Gerontologist: The Journal of Aging and Mental Health, 32(2), 130-146. doi: 10.1080/07317110802676809

  3. Ballard, C., Brown, R., Fossey, J., Douglas, S., Bradley, P., Hancock, J., et al. (2009). Brief psychosocial therapy for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer disease (the CALM-AD trial). American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(9), 726-733. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181b0f8c0

  4. Bédard, A., Landreville, P., Voyer, P., Verreault, R., & Vézina, J. (2011). Reducing verbal agitation in people with dementia: Evaluation of an intervention based on the satisfaction of basic needs. Aging & Mental Health, 15(7), 855-865. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2011.569480

  5. Belgrave, M. (2009). The effect of expressive and instrumental touch on the behavior states of older adults with late-stage dementia of the Alzheimer's type and on music therapist's perceived rapport. Journal of Music Therapy, 46(2), 132-146.

  6. Boyle, P. A., Buchman, A. S., Barnes, L. L., & Bennett, D. A. (2010). Effect of a purpose in life on risk of incident Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older persons. Archives of General Psychiatry, 67(3), 304-310. doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.208

  7. Cevasco, A. M. (2010). Effects of the therapist's nonverbal behavior on participation and affect of individuals with Alzheimer's disease during group music therapy sessions. Journal of Music Therapy, 47(3), 289-299.

  8. Charras, K., & Frémontier, M. (2010). Sharing meals with institutionalized people with dementia: A natural experiment. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 53(5), 436-448. doi: 10.1080/01634372.2010.489936

  9. Chatterton, W., Baker, F., & Morgan, K. (2010). The singer or the singing: Who sings individually to persons with dementia and what are the effects? American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 25(8), 641-649. doi: 10.1177/1533317510385807

  10. Cheston, R., & Jones, R. (2009). A small-scale study comparing the impact of psycho-education and exploratory psychotherapy groups on newcomers to a group for people with dementia. Aging & Mental Health, 13(3), 420-425. doi: 10.1080/13607860902879409

  11. Choi, A.-N., Lee, M. S., Cheong, K.-J., & Lee, J.-S. (2009). Effects of group music intervention on behavioral and psychological symptoms in patients with dementia: A pilot-controlled trial. International Journal of Neuroscience, 119(4), 471-481. doi: 10.1080/00207450802328136

  12. Clare, L., Evans, S., Parkinson, C., Woods, R., & Linden, D. (2011). Goal-setting in cognitive rehabilitation for people with early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Clinical Gerontologist: The Journal of Aging and Mental Health, 34(3), 220-236. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2011.555937

  13. Cohen-Mansfield, J., Marx, M. S., Thein, K., & Dakheel-Ali, M. (2010). The impact of past and present preferences on stimulus engagement in nursing home residents with dementia. Aging & Mental Health, 14(1), 67-73. doi: 10.1080/1360786090284557

  14. Cooke, M., Moyle, W., Shum, D., Harrison, S., & Murfield, J. (2010). A randomized controlled trial exploring the effect of music on quality of life and depression in older people with dementia. Journal of Health Psychology, 15(5), 765-776. doi: 10.1177/1359105310368188

  15. Cooke, M. L., Moyle, W., Shum, D. H. K., Harrison, S. D., & Murfield, J. E. (2010). A randomized controlled trial exploring the effect of music on agitated behaviours and anxiety in older people with dementia. Aging & Mental Health, 14(8), 905-916. doi: 10.1080/13607861003713190

  16. Dodd, K. (2010). Psychological and other non-pharmacological interventions in services for people with learning disabilities and dementia. Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, 4(1), 28-35. doi: 10.5042/amhld.2010.0056

  17. Dow, B., Haralambous, B., Hempton, C., Hunt, S., & Calleja, D. (2011). Evaluation of Alzheimer's Australia Vic Memory Lane Cafés. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(2), 246-255. doi: 10.1017/s1041610210001560

  18. Ferrero-Arias, J., Goñi-Imízcoz, M., González-Bernal, J., Lara-Ortega, F., da Silva-González, A., & Díez-Lopez, M. (2011). The efficacy of nonpharmacological treatment for dementia-related apathy. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 25(3), 213-219. doi: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e3182087dbc

  19. Fischer-Terworth, C., & Probst, P. (2011). Evaluation of a TEACCH- and music therapy-based psychological intervention in mild to moderate dementia: A controlled trial. GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(2), 93-101. doi: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000037

  20. Fukui, S., Okada, S., Nishimoto, Y., & Nelson-Becker, H. B. (2011). The repeated appeal to return home in older adults with dementia: Developing a model for practice. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 26(1), 39-54. doi: 10.1007/s10823-010-9133-7

  21. Gauthier, S., Cummings, J., Ballard, O., Brodaty, H., Grossberg, G., Robert, P., et al. (2010). Management of behavioral problems in Alzheimer's disease. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(3), 346-372. doi: 10.1017/s1041610209991505

  22. Gerdner, L. A., & Lautenschlager, N. T. (2009). "Effects of individualized vs. classical "relaxation" music on the frequency of agitation in elderly persons with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders": Commentary. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(4), 667-671. doi: 10.1017/s1041610209008771

  23. Guaita, A., & Jones, M. (2011). A “prosthetic” approach for individuals with dementia? JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 305(4), 402-403. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.28

  24. Guétin, S., Portet, F., Picot, M. C., Pommié, C., Messaoudi, M., Djabelkir, L., et al. (2009). Effect of music therapy on anxiety and depression in patients with Alzheimer’s type dementia: Randomised, controlled study. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 28(1), 36-46. doi: 10.1159/000229024

  25. Hammar, L. M., Emami, A., Engström, G., & Götell, E. (2011). Communicating through caregiver singing during morning care situations in dementia care. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 25(1), 160-168. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00806.x

  26. Hammar, L. M., Emami, A., Götell, E., & Engström, G. (2011). The impact of caregivers' singing on expressions of emotion and resistance during morning care situations in persons with dementia: An intervention in dementia care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(7-8), 969-978. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03386.x

  27. Han, P., Kwan, M., Chen, D., Yusoff, S. Z., Chionh, H. L., Goh, J., et al. (2011). A controlled naturalistic study on a weekly music therapy and activity program on disruptive and depressive behaviors in dementia. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 30(6), 540-546. doi: 10.1159/000321668

  28. Hanser, S. B., Butterfield-Whitcomb, J., Kawata, M., & Collins, B. E. (2011). Home-based music strategies with individuals who have dementia and their family caregivers. Journal of Music Therapy, 48(1), 2-27.

  29. Hatakeyama, R., Fukushima, K., Fukuoka, Y., Satoh, A., Kudoh, H., Fujii, M., et al. (2010). Personal home made digital video disk for patients with behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 10(3), 272-274. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00623.x

  30. Hulme, C., Wright, J., Crocker, T., Oluboyede, Y., & House, A. (2010). Non-pharmacological approaches for dementia that informal carers might try or access: A systematic review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(7), 756-763. doi: 10.1002/gps.2429

  31. Kutsumi, M., Ito, M., Sugiura, K., Terabe, M., & Mikami, H. (2009). Management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in long-term care facilities in Japan. Psychogeriatrics, 9(4), 186-195. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2009.00301.x

  32. Kverno, K. S., Black, B. S., Nolan, M. T., & Rabins, P. V. (2009). Research on treating neuropsychiatric symptoms of advanced dementia with non-pharmacological strategies, 1998-2008: A systematic literature review. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(5), 825-843. doi: 10.1017/s1041610209990196

  33. Leahcy, A., & Singleton, J. F. (2011). Utilizing therapeutic recreation to empower persons with Alzheimer's in a day center. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 45(2), 135-146.

  34. Lin, Y., Chu, H., Yang, C.-Y., Chen, C.-H., Chen, S.-G., Chang, H.-J., et al. (2011). Effectiveness of group music intervention against agitated behavior in elderly persons with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(7), 670-678. doi: 10.1002/gps.2580

  35. Locke, J. M., & Mudford, O. C. (2010). Using music to decrease disruptive vocalizations in a man with dementia. Behavioral Interventions, 25(3), 253-260.

  36. Mak, W. (2011). Self-reported goal pursuit and purpose in life among people with dementia. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66B(2), 177-184. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbq092

  37. Manthorpe, J., Iliffe, S., Samsi, K., Cole, L., Goodman, C., Drennan, V., et al. (2010). Dementia, dignity and quality of life: Nursing practice and its dilemmas. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 5(3), 235-244. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2010.00231.x

  38. Meguro, M., Ishizaki, J., & Meguro, K. (2009). Collage technique may provide new perspectives for Alzheimer patients by exploring messages from their inner world. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 3(4), 299-302.

  39. Mimica, N., & Kalini?, D. (2011). Art therapy may be beneficial for reducing stress-related behaviours in people with dementia—Case report. Psychiatria Danubina, 23(1), 125-128.

  40. Miranda-Castillo, C., Woods, B., & Orrell, M. (2010). People with dementia living alone: What are their needs and what kind of support are they receiving. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(4), 607-617. doi: 10.1017/s104161021000013x

  41. Moniz-Cook, E., Vernooij-Dassen, M., Woods, B., & Orrell, M. (2011). Psychosocial interventions in dementia care research: The INTERDEM manifesto. Aging & Mental Health, 15(3), 283-290. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2010.543665

  42. Monnat, M. L. (2011). Incorporating occupational therapy to decrease agitation in nursing home residents with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(3), 556-557. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03297.x

  43. Mossello, E., Ridolfi, A., Mello, A. M., Lorenzini, G., Mugnai, F., Piccini, C., et al. (2011). Animal-assisted activity and emotional status of patients with Alzheimer's disease in day care. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(6), 899-905. doi: 10.1017/s1041610211000226

  44. Moyle, W. (2010). Is quality of life being compromised in people with dementia in long-term care? International Journal of Older People Nursing, 5(3), 245-252. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2010.00230.x

  45. Nomura, M., Makimoto, K., Kato, M., Shiba, T., Matsuura, C., Shigenobu, K., et al. (2009). Empowering older people with early dementia and family caregivers: A participatory action research study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(4), 431-441. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.09.009

  46. O'Connor, D. W., Ames, D., Gardner, B., & King, M. (2009). Psychosocial treatments of psychological symptoms in dementia: A systematic review of reports meeting quality standards. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(2), 241-251. doi: 10.1017/s1041610208008223

  47. O'Connor, D. W., Ames, D., Gardner, B., & King, M. (2009). Psychosocial treatments of behavior symptoms in dementia: A systematic review of reports meeting quality standards. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(2), 225-240. doi: 10.1017/s1041610208007588

  48. Olazarán, J., Reisberg, B., Clare, L., Cruz, I., Peña-Casanova, J., del Ser, T., et al. (2010). Nonpharmacological therapies in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review of efficacy. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 30(2), 161-178. doi: 10.1159/000316119

  49. Park, H. (2010). Effect of music on pain for home-dwelling persons with dementia. Pain Management Nursing, 11(3), 141-147. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2009.05.004

  50. Peisah, C., Lawrence, G., & Reutens, S. (2011). Creative solutions for severe dementia with BPSD: A case of art therapy used in an inpatient and residential care setting. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(6), 1011-1013. doi: 10.1017/s1041610211000457

  51. Raglio, A., & Gianelli, M. V. (2009). Music therapy for individuals with dementia: Areas of interventions and research perspectives. Current Alzheimer Research, 6(3), 293-301. doi: 10.2174/156720509788486617

  52. Ridder, H. M., Wigram, T., & Ottesen, A. M. (2009). A pilot study on the effects of music therapy on frontotemporal dementia—developing a research protocol. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 18(2), 103-132. doi: 10.1080/08098130903062371

  53. Riley, P., Alm, N., & Newell, A. (2009). An interactive tool to promote musical creativity in people with dementia. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(3), 599-608. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2008.08.014

  54. Robinson, C. M., Paukert, A., Kraus-Schuman, C. A., Snow, A. L., Kunik, M. E., Wilson, N. L., et al. (2011). The involvement of multiple caregivers in cognitive-behavior therapy for anxiety in persons with dementia. Aging & Mental Health, 15(3), 291-298. doi: 10.1080/13607860903493374

  55. Robinson, L., Iliffe, S., Brayne, C., Goodman, C., Rait, G., Manthorpe, J., et al. (2010). Primary care and dementia: 2. long-term care at home: Psychosocial interventions, information provision, carer support and case management. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(7), 657-664. doi: 10.1002/gps.2405

  56. Sanders, S., & Swails, P. (2011). A quest for meaning: Hospice social workers and patients with end-stage dementia. Social Work, 56(2), 129-140.

  57. Simmons-Stern, N. R., Budson, A. E., & Ally, B. A. (2010). Music as a memory enhancer in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 48(10), 3164-3167. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.033

  58. Sixsmith, A. J., Orpwood, R. D., & Torrington, J. M. (2010). Developing a music player for people with dementia. Gerontechnology, 9(3), 421-427. doi: 10.4017/gt.2010.09.03.004.00

  59. Spector, A., & Orrell, M. (2010). Using a biospychosocial model of dementia as a tool to guide clinical practice. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(6), 957-965. doi: 10.1017/s1041610210000840

  60. Spiro, N. (2010). Music and dementia: Observing effects and searching for underlying theories. Aging & Mental Health, 14(8), 891-899. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2010.519328

  61. Sung, H.-C., Chang, A. M., & Lee, W.-L. (2010). A preferred music listening intervention to reduce anxiety in older adults with dementia in nursing homes. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(7-8), 1056-1064. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03016.x

  62. Touverey, B., Hanon, C., & Pellerin, J. (2009). Psychothérapies dans les démences. [Psychotherapy in dementia.]. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, 167(3), 210-214. doi: 10.1016/j.amp.2009.01.019

  63. Tsai, C.-F., Wang, S.-J., Zheng, L., & Fuh, J.-L. (2010). Category verbal fluency predicted changes in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 64(4), 408-414. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02107.x

  64. van der Geer, E. R., Vink, A. C., Schols, J. M. G. A., & Slaets, J. P. J. (2009). Music in the nursing home: Hitting the right note! The provision of music to dementia patients with verbal and vocal agitation in Dutch nursing homes. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(1), 86-93. doi: 10.1017/s104161020800793x

  65. van der Roest, H. G., Meiland, F. J. M., Comijs, H. C., Derksen, E., Jansen, A. P. D., van Hout, H. P. J., et al. (2009). What do community-dwelling people with dementia need? A survey of those who are known to care and welfare services. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(5), 949-965. doi: 10.1017/s1041610209990147

  66. Vann, A. S. (2011). Ten things you should do when the diagnosis is Alzheimer's. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 26(2), 93-96. doi: 10.1177/1533317510397332

  67. Weber, K., Meiler-Mititelu, C., Robert Herrmann, F., Delaloye, C., Giannakopoulos, P., & Canuto, A. (2009). Longitudinal assessment of psychotherapeutic day hospital treatment for neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Aging & Mental Health, 13(1), 92-98. doi: 10.1080/13607860802154523

  68. Weber, S. R., Pirraglia, P. A., & Kunik, M. E. (2011). Use of services by community-dwelling patients with dementia: A systematic review. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 26(3), 195-204. doi: 10.1177/1533317510392564

  69. Yamaguchi, H., Maki, Y., & Takahashi, K. (2011). Rehabilitation for dementia using enjoyable video-sports games. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(4), 674-676. doi: 10.1017/s1041610210001912

  70. Yamaguchi, H., Maki, Y., & Yamagami, T. (2010). Overview of non-pharmacological intervention for dementia and principles of brain-activating rehabilitation. Psychogeriatrics, 10(4), 206-213. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2010.00323.x

  71. Yasuda, K., Kuwabara, K., Kuwahara, N., Abe, S., & Tetsutani, N. (2009). Effectiveness of personalised reminiscence photo videos for individuals with dementia. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 19(4), 603-619. doi: 10.1080/09602010802586216

  72. Zare, M., Ebrahimi, A. A., & Birashk, B. (2010). The effects of music therapy on reducing agitation in patients with Alzheimer's disease, a pre-post study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(12), 1309-1310. doi: 10.1002/gps.2450

Exercise, Alzheimer's, & Other Dementias: Articles on Prevention & Intervention

  1. Adlard, P. A., Perreau, V. M., Pop, V., & Cotman, C. W. (2005). Voluntary Exercise Decreases Amyloid Load in a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease. The Journal of Neuroscience, 25(17), 4217-4221. doi: 10.1523/jneurosci.0496-05.2005

  2. Akishita, M., Yamada, S., Nishiya, H., Sonohara, K., Nakai, R., & Toba, K. (2005). Effects of physical exercise on plasma concentrations of sex hormones in elderly women with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(6), 1076-1077. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53338_4.x

  3. Andel, R., Crowe, M., Pedersen, N. L., Fratiglioni, L., Johansson, B., & Gatz, M. (2008). Physical exercise at midlife and risk of dementia three decades later: A population-based study of Swedish twins. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 63A(1), 62-66.

  4. Archer, T. (2011). Physical exercise alleviates debilities of normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 123(4), 221-238. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2010.01412.x

  5. Arkin, S. (2007). Language-enriched exercise plus socialization slows cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 22(1), 62-77. doi: 10.1177/1533317506295377

  6. Arkin, S. M. (1999). Elder rehab: A student-supervised exercise program for Alzheimer's patients. The Gerontologist, 39(6), 729-735.

  7. Arkin, S. M. (2003). Student-led exercise sessions yield significant fitness gains for Alzheimer's patients. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 18(3), 159-170. doi: 10.1177/153331750301800302

  8. Baker, L. D., Frank, L. L., Foster-Schubert, K., Green, P. S., Wilkinson, C. W., McTiernan, A., et al. (2010). Aerobic exercise improves cognition for older adults with glucose intolerance, a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 22(2), 569-579.

  9. Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., & Sherwood, A. (2009). Diet, exercise habits, and risk of Alzheimer disease. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 302(22), 2431. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1790

  10. Bonner, A. P., & Cousins, S. O. B. (1996). Exercise and Alzheimer's disease: Benefits and barriers. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 20(4), 21-34. doi: 10.1300/J016v20n04_02

  11. Cevasco, A. M., & Grant, R. E. (2003). Comparison of different methods for eliciting exercise-to-music for clients with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Music Therapy, 40(1), 41-56.

  12. Chang, S. H., Chen, C. Y., Shen, S. H., & Chiou, J. H. (2011). The effectiveness of an exercise programme for elders with dementia in a Taiwanese day-care centre. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 17(3), 213-220. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2011.01928.x

  13. Edwards, N., Gardiner, M., Ritchie, D. M., Baldwin, K., & Sands, L. (2008). Effect of exercise on negative affect in residents in special care units with moderate to severe dementia. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 22(4), 362-368. doi: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e31818ecbbc

  14. Eggermont, L., Swaab, D., Luiten, P., & Scherder, E. (2006). Exercise, cognition and Alzheimer's disease: More is not necessarily better. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 30(4), 562-575. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.10.004

  15. Heyn, P. (2003). The effect of a multisensory exercise program on engagement, behavior, and selected physiological indexes in persons with dementia. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 18(4), 247-251. doi: 10.1177/153331750301800409

  16. Kálmán, J., Szakács, R., Török, T., Rózsa, Z., Barzó, P., Rudas, L., et al. (2002). Decreased cutaneous vasodilatation to isometric handgrip exercise in Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(4), 371-374. doi: 10.1002/gps.609

  17. Larson, E. B., & Wang, L. (2004). Exercise, aging, and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 18(2), 54-56. doi: 10.1097/01.wad.0000126615.70030.70

  18. Liang, K. Y., Mintun, M. A., Fagan, A. M., Goate, A. M., Bugg, J. M., Holtzman, D. M., et al. (2010). Exercise and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults. Annals of Neurology, 68(3), 311-318. doi: 10.1002/ana.22096

  19. Mahendra, N., & Arkin, S. (2003). Effects of four years of exercise, language, and social interventions on Alzheimer discourse. Journal of Communication Disorders, 36(5), 395-422. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9924(03)00048-0

  20. Mathews, R. M., Clair, A. A., & Kosloski, K. (2001). Keeping the beat: Use of rhythmic music during exercise activities for the elderly with dementia. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 16(6), 377-380. doi: 10.1177/153331750101600608

  21. Middleton, L. E., Kirkland, S. A., Maxwell, C. J., Hogan, D. B., & Rockwood, K. (2007). Exercise: A potential contributing factor to the relationship between folate and dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55(7), 1095-1098. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01238.x

  22. Penrose, F. K. (2005). Can exercise affect cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease? A review of the literature. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 29(4), 15-40. doi: 10.1300/J016v29n04_02

  23. Radak, Z., Hart, N., Sarga, L., Koltai, E., Atalay, M., Ohno, H., et al. (2010). Exercise plays a preventive role against Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 20(3), 777-783.

  24. Regan, C., Katona, C., Walker, Z., & Livingston, G. (2005). Relationship of exercise and other risk factors to depression of Alzheimer's disease: The LASER-AD study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(3), 261-268. doi: 10.1002/gps.1278

  25. Rolland, Y., Pillard, F., Klapouszczak, A., Reynish, E., Thomas, D., Andrieu, S., et al. (2007). Exercise Program for Nursing Home Residents with Alzheimer's Disease: A 1-Year Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55(2), 158-165. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01035.x

  26. Scherder, E., & Eggermont, L. (2008). Exercise, cognition and dementia. In D. T. Stuss, G. Winocur & I. H. Robertson (Eds.), Cognitive neurorehabilitation: Evidence and application (2nd ed.). (pp. 250-271): New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.

  27. Steinberg, M., Leoutsakos, J.-M. S., Podewils, L. J., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2009). Evaluation of home-based exercise program in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: The Maximizing Independence in Dementia (MIND) Study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(7), 680-685. doi: 10.1002/gps.2175

  28. Stevens, J., & Killeen, M. (2006). A randomised controlled trial testing the impact of exercise on cognitive symptoms and disability of residents with dementia. Contemporary Nurse, 21(1), 32-40.

  29. Tatsumi, K., Adachi, Y., Ashikaga, M., Yokota, Y., & Harimoto, K. (2001). Effect of light exercise on the elderly with dementia. Journal of International Society of Life Information Science, 19(1), 61-65.

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