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Empathy Resources for Therapists & Counselors
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The following references may help therapists, counselors, and other clinicians who wish to keep abreast of the research, theory, and related literature on empathy.
Although there is a massive literature on empathy, I've focused mainly on works concerned with empathy in clinical training and practice, and in other clinical contexts. This literature addresses such issues as:
- How clinical empathy is related to therapy outcome
- Whether clinicians become less empathetic during their training
- Attempts to nurture clinicians' empathy or at least empathetic responses
- Modeling empathy in clinical training
- The relation of empathy to various conditions such as Asperger's or depression
- Ethics and empathy
- Clinician characteristics linked to clinical empathy
- Is low therapist empathy toxic?
I've also focused on recent (i.e., published in 2011, 2012, & 2013) works.
For those interested, I also maintain a web page on this site focusing on compassion.
Articles on Empathy in Clinical Contexts:
- Achim, A. M., Ouellet, R., Roy, M. A., & Jackson, P. L. (2011). Assessment of empathy in first-episode psychosis and meta-analytic comparison with previous studies in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res, 190(1), 3-8.
- Afghani, B., Besimanto, S., Amin, A., & Shapiro, J. (2011). Medical students' perspectives on clinical empathy training. Educ Health, 24(1), 544.
- Al Onazi, M., Al Jondeby, M., Azeem, M., & Al Sayyari, A. (2011). Factors affecting saudi hemodialysis patients' perception of healthcare providers' empathy. Arab J Nephrol Transplant, 4(2), 71-76.
- Attar, H. S., & Chandramani, S. (2012). Impact of physician empathy on migraine disability and migraineur compliance. Ann Indian Acad Neurol, 15(Suppl 1), S89-94.
- Aziz-Zadeh, L., Sheng, T., Liew, S. L., & Damasio, H. (2011). Understanding Otherness: The Neural Bases of Action Comprehension and Pain Empathy in a Congenital Amputee. Cereb Cortex. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr139
- Bandstra, N. F., Chambers, C. T., McGrath, P. J., & Moore, C. (2011). The behavioural expression of empathy to others' pain versus others' sadness in young children. Pain, 152(5), 1074-1082.
- Barchia, Kirstin, & Bussey, Kay. (2011). Predictors of student defenders of peer aggression victims: Empathy and social cognitive factors. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(4), 289-297. doi: 10.1177/0165025410396746
- Berg, K., Majdan, J. F., Berg, D., Veloski, J., & Hojat, M. (2011). Medical students' self-reported empathy and simulated patients' assessments of student empathy: an analysis by gender and ethnicity. Acad Med, 86(8), 984-988.
- Berg, K., Majdan, J. F., Berg, D., Veloski, J., & Hojat, M. (2011). A comparison of medical students' self-reported empathy with simulated patients' assessments of the students' empathy. Med Teach, 33(5), 388-391. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2010.530319
- Bizub, A. L. (2012). A Hard Pill to Swallow: Medication, Empathy, and the Value of Collaborative Recovery. Community Ment Health J. doi: 10.1007/s10597-012-9553-7
- Bras, M., Brajkovic, L., Milunovic, V., Bicanic, I., Haller, F., Dordevic, V., et al. (2012). Psychiatrists' empathy, beliefs and attitudes towards veterans suffering from combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Danub, 24(3), 287-291.
- Brazeau, C. M., Schroeder, R., Rovi, S., & Boyd, L. (2011). Relationship between medical student service and empathy. Acad Med, 86(10 Suppl), S42-45.
- Brockhouse, R., Msetfi, R. M., Cohen, K., & Joseph, S. (2011). Vicarious exposure to trauma and growth in therapists: The moderating effects of sense of coherence, organizational support, and empathy. J Trauma Stress, 24(6), 735-742. doi: 10.1002/jts.20704
- Brodsky, S. L., & Wilson, J. K. (2012). Empathy in Forensic Evaluations: a Systematic Reconsideration. Behav Sci Law. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2042
- Brown, S., Harkins, L., & Beech, A. R. (2011). General and Victim-Specific Empathy: Associations With Actuarial Risk, Treatment Outcome, and Sexual Recidivism. Sex Abuse. doi: 10.1177/1079063211423944
- Brown, S., Harkins, L., & Beech, A. R. (2012). General and victim-specific empathy: associations with actuarial risk, treatment outcome, and sexual recidivism. Sex Abuse, 24(5), 411-430.
- Brown, T., Boyle, M., Williams, B., Molloy, A., Palermo, C., McKenna, L., & Molloy, L. (2011). Predictors of empathy in health science students. J Allied Health, 40(3), 143-149.
- Bruns, F., & Frewer, A. (2011). Ethics consultation and empathy: finding the balance in clinical settings. HEC Forum, 23(4), 247-255. doi: 10.1007/s10730-011-9164-7
- Burks, D. J., & Kobus, A. M. (2012). The legacy of altruism in health care: the promotion of empathy, prosociality and humanism. Med Educ, 46(3), 317-325
- Burks, D. J., Youll, L. K., & Durtschi, J. P. (2012). The empathy-altruism association and its relevance to health care professions. Social Behavior and Personality, 40(3), 395-400.
- Caroe, T. (2012). Burnout and empathy in primary care. Br J Gen Pract, 62(602), 462.
- Chen, D. C., Kirshenbaum, D. S., Yan, J., Kirshenbaum, E., & Aseltine, R. H. (2012). Characterizing changes in student empathy throughout medical school. Med Teach, 34(4), 305-311.
- Chung, H., Lee, H., Chang, D. S., Kim, H. S., Lee, H., Park, H. J., et al. (2012). Doctor's attire influences perceived empathy in the patient-doctor relationship. Patient Educ Couns, 89(3), 387-391.
- Cohen, M., Quintner, J., Buchanan, D., Nielsen, M., & Guy, L. (2011). Stigmatization of patients with chronic pain: the extinction of empathy. Pain Med, 12(11), 1637-1643. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01264.x
- Compton, M. T., Broussard, B., Hankerson-Dyson, D., Krishan, S., & Stewart-Hutto, T. (2011). Do empathy and psychological mindedness affect police officers' decision to enter crisis intervention team training? Psychiatr Serv, 62(6), 632-638. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.62.6.632
- Costa, P., Magalhaes, E., & Costa, M. J. (2012). A latent growth model suggests that empathy of medical students does not decline over time. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract.
- Cox, John L. (2011). Empathy, identity and engagement in person-centred medicine: The sociocultural context. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 17(2), 350-353. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01580.x
- Cunico, L., Sartori, R., Marognolli, O., & Meneghini, A. M. (2012). Developing empathy in nursing students: a cohort longitudinal study. J Clin Nurs, 21(13-14), 2016-2025.
- Dadds, M. R., Allen, J. L., Oliver, B. R., Faulkner, N., Legge, K., Moul, C., & Scott, S. (2011). Love, eye contact and the developmental origins of empathy v. psychopathy. Br J Psychiatry. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.085720
- Damjanov, I. (2012). Medical students writing letters to their patients: Teaching communication and empathy. Acta Med Acad, 41(1), 4-6.
- de Sousa, A., McDonald, S., Rushby, J., Li, S., Dimoska, A., & James, C. (2011). Understanding deficits in empathy after traumatic brain injury: The role of affective responsivity. Cortex, 47(5), 526-535. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2010.02.004
- Dehning, S., Girma, E., Gasperi, S., Meyer, S., Tesfaye, M., & Siebeck, M. (2012). Comparative cross-sectional study of empathy among first year and final year medical students in Jimma University, Ethiopia: steady state of the heart and opening of the eyes. BMC Med Educ, 12, 34.
- Del Canale, S., Louis, D. Z., Maio, V., Wang, X., Rossi, G., Hojat, M., et al. (2012). The relationship between physician empathy and disease complications: an empirical study of primary care physicians and their diabetic patients in Parma, Italy. Acad Med, 87(9), 1243-1249.
- Dewi, F. D., Sudjana, G., & Oesman, Y. M. (2011). Patient satisfaction analysis on service quality of dental health care based on empathy and responsiveness. Dent Res J (Isfahan), 8(4), 172-177. doi: 10.4103/1735-3327.86032
- Dinkins, C. S. (2011). Ethics: beyond patient care: practicing empathy in the workplace. Online J Issues Nurs, 16(2), 11.
- Drwecki, B. B., Moore, C. F., Ward, S. E., & Prkachin, K. M. (2011). Reducing racial disparities in pain treatment: the role of empathy and perspective-taking. Pain, 152(5), 1001-1006. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.005
- Dunbar, R. L., & Nichols, M. D. (2012). Fostering empathy in undergraduate health science majors through the reconciliation of objectivity and subjectivity: an integrated approach. Anat Sci Educ, 5(5), 301-308.
- Dyrbye, L. N., Eacker, A. M., Harper, W., Power, D. V., Massie, F. S., Jr., Satele, D., et al. (2012). Distress and empathy do not drive changes in specialty preference among US medical students. Med Teach, 34(2), e116-122.
- Dziobek, I., Preissler, S., Grozdanovic, Z., Heuser, I., Heekeren, H. R., & Roepke, S. (2011). Neuronal correlates of altered empathy and social cognition in borderline personality disorder. Neuroimage, 57(2), 539-548. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.005
- Elliott, C. M., 2nd, Toomey, R. J., 3rd, Goodman, B. A., & Barbosa, P. (2012). Transformative learning: empathy and multicultural awareness in podiatric medical education. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc, 102(1), 39-46.
- Elliott, C. M., 2nd, Toomey, R. J., 3rd, Goodman, B. A., & Barbosa, P. (2012). Transformative learning: empathy and multicultural awareness in podiatric medical education. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc, 102(1), 39-46.
- Elliott, R., Bohart, A. C., Watson, J. C., & Greenberg, L. S. (2011). Empathy. Psychotherapy, 48(1), 43-49.
- Faver, Catherine A., & Alanis, Erika. (2011). Fostering empathy through stories: A pilot program for special needs adoptive families. Children and Youth Services Review, No Pagination Specified. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.12.012
- Faye, A., Kalra, G., Swamy, R., Shukla, A., Subramanyam, A., & Kamath, R. (2011). Study of emotional intelligence and empathy in medical postgraduates. Indian J Psychiatry, 53(2), 140-144. doi: 10.4103/0019-5545.82541
- Fields, Sylvia K., Mahan, Pamela, Tillman, Paula, Harris, Jeffrey, Maxwell, Kaye, & Hojat, Mohammadreza. (2011). Measuring empathy in healthcare profession students using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: Health provider – student version. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 25(4), 287-293. doi: 10.3109/13561820.2011.566648
- Fjortoft, N., Van Winkle, L. J., & Hojat, M. (2011). Measuring empathy in pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ, 75(6), 109. doi: 10.5688/ajpe756109
- Frankel, M., Rachlin, H., & Yip-Bannicq, M. (2012). How nondirective therapy directs: The power of empathy in the context of unconditional positive regard. Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies, 11(3), 205-214.
- Fredricks, T. R. (2012). Efficacy of a physician's words of empathy: an overview of state apology laws. J Am Osteopath Assoc, 112(7), 405-406.
- Gair, S. (2012). Haiku as a creative writing approach to explore empathy with social work students: A classroom-based inquiry. Journal of Poetry Therapy, 25(2), 69-82.
- Garg, A., & Guez, G. (2012). Studies highlight loss of empathy among dental students during training. Dent Implantol Update, 23(4), 30-32.
- Gehrie, M. J. (2011). From archaic narcissism to empathy for the self: the evolution of new capacities in psychoanalysis. J Am Psychoanal Assoc, 59(2), 313-334. doi: 10.1177/0003065111406269
- Gelhaus, P. (2011). The desired moral attitude of the physician: (I) empathy. Med Health Care Philos. doi: 10.1007/s11019-011-9366-4
- Gerdes, K. E., & Segal, E. (2011). Importance of empathy for social work practice: integrating new science. Soc Work, 56(2), 141-148.
- Gerdes, Karen E. (2011). Empathy, sympathy, and pity: 21st-century definitions and implications for practice and research. Journal of Social Service Research, 37(3), 230-241. doi: 10.1080/01488376.2011.564027
- Gerdes, Karen E. (2011). Introduction: 21st-century conceptualizations of empathy: Implications for social work practice and research. Journal of Social Service Research, 37(3), 226-229. doi: 10.1080/01488376.2011.564024
- Gerdes, Karen E., Segal, Elizabeth A., Jackson, Kelly F., & Mullins, Jennifer L. (2011). Teaching empathy: A framework rooted in social cognitive neuroscience and social justice. Journal of Social Work Education; 47(1), 109-131. doi: 10.5175/jswe.2011.200900085
- Gerschcovich, Eliana Roldan, Cerquetti, Daniel, Tenca, Eduardo, & Leiguarda, Ramon. (2011). The impact of bilateral cerebellar damage on theory of mind, empathy and decision making. Neurocase, 17(3), 270-275. doi: 10.1080/13554791003730618
- Gibbons, Susan B. (2011). Understanding empathy as a complex construct: A review of the literature. Clinical Social Work Journal, 39(3), 243-252. doi: 10.1007/s10615-010-0305-2
- Goldberg, A. (2011). The enduring presence of Heinz Kohut: empathy and its vicissitudes. J Am Psychoanal Assoc, 59(2), 289-312. doi: 10.1177/0003065111406269
- Gosselink, M. J., & Witteveen, T. (2012). Growth in empathy during clinical exchange. Clin Teach, 9(3), 188-189.
- Grant, Donald, & Harari, Edwin. (2011). Empathy in psychoanalytic theory and practice. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 31(1), 3-16. doi: 10.1080/07351690.2010.512844
- Greenhawt, M. J., Green, T. D., Pistiner, M., & Mitchell, L. (2011). Empathy, understanding, and objectivity need to prevail for students with food allergies. [Editorial]. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 107(2), 93-94. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2011.05.011
- Halpern, J. (2012). Gathering the patient's story and clinical empathy. Perm J, 16(1), 52-54.
- Hazel, S. J., Signal, T. D., & Taylor, N. (2011). Can teaching veterinary and animal-science students about animal welfare affect their attitude toward animals and human-related empathy? J Vet Med Educ, 38(1), 74-83.
- Hill, A. (2011). Cultivating empathy--nursing's core. Nurs N Z, 17(8), 3.
- Hirvelä, Shari, & Helkama, Klaus. (2011). Empathy, values, morality and Asperger's syndrome. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 52(6), 560-572. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00913.x
- Hojat, M., Louis, D. Z., Markham, F. W., Wender, R., Rabinowitz, C., & Gonnella, J. S. (2011). Physicians' empathy and clinical outcomes for diabetic patients. Acad Med, 86(3), 359-364. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182086fe1
- Hong, M., Lee, W. H., Park, J. H., Yoon, T. Y., Moon, D. S., Lee, S. M., et al. (2012). Changes of empathy in medical college and medical school students: 1-year follow up study. BMC Med Educ, 12, 122.
- Issner, J. B., Cano, A., Leonard, M. T., & Williams, A. M. (2012). How Do I Empathize With You? Let Me Count the Ways: Relations Between Facets of Pain-Related Empathy. J Pain. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.10.009
- Jani, B. D., Blane, D. N., & Mercer, S. W. (2012). The role of empathy in therapy and the physician-patient relationship. Forsch Komplementmed, 19(5), 252-257.
- Johnson, Dan R. (2012). Transportation into a story increases empathy, prosocial behavior, and perceptual bias toward fearful expressions. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(2), 150-155. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.005
- Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2011). Is low empathy related to bullying after controlling for individual and social background variables? J Adolesc, 34(1), 59-71. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.02.001
- Joy, M. (2011). Emollient empathy. Conn Med, 75(7), 410-411.
- Kitron, David. (2011). Empathy—The indispensable ingredient in the impossible profession. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 31(1), 17-27. doi: 10.1080/07351690.2010.512845
- Knopp, R. (2011). Empathy in 10 minutes: a medical oxymoron. Minn Med, 94(2), 28-29.
- Kommalage, M. (2011). Using videos to introduce clinical material: effects on empathy. Med Educ, 45(5), 514-515. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.03951.x
- Lamm, C., Decety, J., & Singer, T. (2011). Meta-analytic evidence for common and distinct neural networks associated with directly experienced pain and empathy for pain. Neuroimage, 54(3), 2492-2502. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.014
- Langdon, P. E., Murphy, G. H., Clare, I. C., Steverson, T., & Palmer, E. J. (2011). Relationships among moral reasoning, empathy, and distorted cognitions in men with intellectual disabilities and a history of criminal offending. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil, 116(6), 438-456. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-116.6.438
- Latham, L., Macdonald, A., Kimball, A. B., & Langley, R. G. (2011). Teaching empathy to undergraduate medical students using a temporary tattoo simulating psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.07.023
- Latimer, M., Jackson, P., Johnston, C., & Vine, J. (2011). Examining nurse empathy for infant procedural pain: Testing a new video measure. Pain Res Manag, 16(4), 228-233.
- Lelorain, S., Bredart, A., Dolbeault, S., & Sultan, S. (2012). A systematic review of the associations between empathy measures and patient outcomes in cancer care. Psychooncology. doi: 10.1002/pon.2115
- Lelorain, S., Sultan, S., Zenasni, F., Catu-Pinault, A., Jaury, P., Boujut, E., et al. (2012). Empathic concern and professional characteristics associated with clinical empathy in French general practitioners. Eur J Gen Pract. doi: 10.3109/13814788.2012.709842
- Leonard, P. C. (2012). Imperturbability is not incompatible with clinical empathy. BMJ, 345, e4533.
- Lewis, M. A. (2011). Gain of function: empathy for the uncertain patient with cancer. J Clin Oncol, 29(22), 3103-3104. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.35.1122
- Lim, B. T., Moriarty, H., Huthwaite, M., Gray, L., Pullon, S., & Gallagher, P. (2012). How well do medical students rate and communicate clinical empathy? Med Teach. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2012.715783
- Lin, C., Li, L., Wan, D., Wu, Z., & Yan, Z. (2012). Empathy and avoidance in treating patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among service providers in China. AIDS Care, 24(11), 1341-1348.
- Lishner, D. A., Vitacco, M. J., Hong, P. Y., Mosley, J., Miska, K., & Stocks, E. L. (2011). Evaluating the Relation Between Psychopathy and Affective Empathy: Two Preliminary Studies. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. doi: 10.1177/0306624X11421891
- Maddox, Lucy, Lee, Deborah, & Barker, Chris. (2011). Police empathy and victim PTSD as potential factors in rape case attrition. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 26(2), 112-117. doi: 10.1007/s11896-010-9075-6
- Magalhaes, E., Costa, P., & Costa, M. J. (2012). Empathy of medical students and personality: evidence from the Five-Factor Model. Med Teach, 34(10), 807-812.
- Magalhaes, E., Salgueira, A. P., Costa, P., & Costa, M. J. (2011). Empathy in senior year and first year medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ, 11, 52. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-11-52
- Malpas, P. J., & Corbett, A. (2012). Modelling empathy in medical and nursing education. N Z Med J, 125(1352), 94-100.
- Manolakis, M. L., Olin, J. L., Thornton, P. L., Dolder, C. R., & Hanrahan, C. (2011). A module on death and dying to develop empathy in student pharmacists. Am J Pharm Educ, 75(4), 71.
- Marlow, E., Nyamathi, A., Grajeda, W. T., Bailey, N., Weber, A., & Younger, J. (2011). Nonviolent Communication Training and Empathy in Male Parolees. J Correct Health Care. doi: 10.1177/1078345811420979
- Marshall, L. E., & Marshall, W. L. (2011). Empathy and antisocial behaviour. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 22(5), 742-759. doi: 10.1080/14789949.2011.617544
- Masten, Carrie L., Morelli, Sylvia A., & Eisenberger, Naomi I. (2011). An fMRI investigation of empathy for 'social pain' and subsequent prosocial behavior. NeuroImage; 55(1), 381-388. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.060
- Maurage, P., Grynberg, D., Noel, X., Joassin, F., Philippot, P., Hanak, C., . . . Campanella, S. (2011). Dissociation between affective and cognitive empathy in alcoholism: a specific deficit for the emotional dimension. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 35(9), 1662-1668. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01512.x
- McDevitt, Patrick J. (2011). Priests as victims of childhood sexual abuse: The effects of disclosure on empathy. Pastoral Psychology, 60(5), 681-691. doi: 10.1007/s11089-011-0345-8
- McGarry, Lucy M., & Russo, Frank A. (2011). Mirroring in dance/movement therapy: Potential mechanisms behind empathy enhancement. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 38(3), 178-184. doi: 10.1016/j.aip.2011.04.005
- McHenry, M., Parker, P. A., Baile, W. F., & Lenzi, R. (2011). Voice analysis during bad news discussion in oncology: reduced pitch, decreased speaking rate, and nonverbal communication of empathy. Support Care Cancer. doi: 10.1007/s00520-011-1187-8
- McKenna, L., Boyle, M., Brown, T., Williams, B., Molloy, A., Lewis, B., & Molloy, L. (2011). Levels of empathy in undergraduate midwifery students: an Australian cross-sectional study. Women Birth, 24(2), 80-84. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2011.02.003
- McMillan, L. R., & Shannon, D. M. (2011). Psychometric Analysis of the JSPE Nursing Student Version R: Comparison of Senior BSN Students and Medical Students Attitudes toward Empathy in Patient Care. ISRN Nurs, 2011, 726063. doi: 10.5402/2011/726063
- Mercer, S. W., Jani, B. D., Maxwell, M., Wong, S. Y., & Watt, G. C. (2012). Patient enablement requires physician empathy: a cross-sectional study of general practice consultations in areas of high and low socioeconomic deprivation in Scotland. BMC Fam Pract, 13, 6.
- Mommaerts, J. L., Goubert, L., & Devroey, D. (2012). Empathy beyond the conceptual level: core nonspecific factors of psychotherapy. Perspect Biol Med, 55(2), 175-182.
- Moriwaki, Aiko, Ito, Ryoko, & Fujino, Hiroshi. (2011). Characteristics of empathy for friendship in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Japanese Journal of Special Education, 48(6), 593-604.
- Moyers, T. B., & Miller, W. R. (2012). Is Low Therapist Empathy Toxic? Psychol Addict Behav. doi: 10.1037/a0030274
- Mullins, Jennifer L. (2011). A framework for cultivating and increasing child welfare workers' empathy toward parents. Journal of Social Service Research, 37(3), 242-253. doi: 10.1080/01488376.2011.564030
- Munoz, L. C., Qualter, P., & Padgett, G. (2011). Empathy and bullying: exploring the influence of callous-unemotional traits. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, 42(2), 183-196. doi: 10.1007/s10578-010-0206-1
- Muñoz, Luna C., Qualter, Pamela, & Padgett, Gemma. (2011). Empathy and bullying: Exploring the influence of callous-unemotional traits. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 42(2), 183-196. doi: 10.1007/s10578-010-0206-1
- Nambisan, P. (2011). Information seeking and social support in online health communities: impact on patients' perceived empathy. [Multicenter Study]. J Am Med Inform Assoc, 18(3), 298-304. doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2010-000058
- Neumann, M., Bensing, J., Wirtz, M., Wubker, A., Scheffer, C., Tauschel, D., & Pfaff, H. (2011). The impact of financial incentives on physician empathy: a study from the perspective of patients with private and statutory health insurance. Patient Educ Couns, 84(2), 208-216. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.07.012
- Neumann, M., Edelhauser, F., Tauschel, D., Fischer, M. R., Wirtz, M., Woopen, C., & Scheffer, C. (2011). Empathy decline and its reasons: a systematic review of studies with medical students and residents. Acad Med, 86(8), 996-1009. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e318221e615
- Neumann, M., Scheffer, C., Tauschel, D., Lutz, G., Wirtz, M., & Edelhauser, F. (2012). Physician empathy: definition, outcome-relevance and its measurement in patient care and medical education. GMS Z Med Ausbild, 29(1), Doc11.
- Neumann, Melanie, Bensing, Jozien, Wirtz, Markus, Wübker, Ansgar, Scheffer, Christian, Tauschel, Diethard, & Pfaff, Holger. (2011). The impact of financial incentives on physician empathy: A study from the perspective of patients with private and statutory health insurance. Patient Education and Counseling, 84(2), 208-216. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.07.012
- Osman, Suzanne L. (2011). Predicting rape empathy based on victim, perpetrator, and participant gender, and history of sexual aggression. Sex Roles, 64(7-8), 506-515. doi: 10.1007/s11199-010-9919-7
- Overmon, A., & Elliott, R. L. (2012). Empathy in medical training. J Med Assoc Ga, 101(3), 28-29.
- Ozcan, C. T., Oflaz, F., & Bakir, B. (2012). The effect of a structured empathy course on the students of a medical and a nursing school. Int Nurs Rev, 59(4), 532-538.
- Padilla-Walker, Laura M., & Christensen, Katherine J. (2011). Empathy and self-regulation as mediators between parenting and adolescents' prosocial behavior toward strangers, friends, and family. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(3), 545-551. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00695.x
- Passalacqua, S. A., & Segrin, C. (2011). The Effect of Resident Physician Stress, Burnout, and Empathy on Patient-Centered Communication During the Long-Call Shift. Health Commun. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2011.606527
- Passalacqua, S. A., & Segrin, C. (2012). The effect of resident physician stress, burnout, and empathy on patient-centered communication during the long-call shift. Health Commun, 27(5), 449-456.
- Pickard, Hanna. (2011). Responsibility without blame: Empathy and the effective treatment of personality disorder. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 18(3), 209-223.
- Pollak, K. I., Alexander, S. C., Tulsky, J. A., Lyna, P., Coffman, C. J., Dolor, R. J., & Ostbye, T. (2011). Physician empathy and listening: associations with patient satisfaction and autonomy. J Am Board Fam Med, 24(6), 665-672. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2011.06.110025
- Quince, T. A., Parker, R. A., Wood, D. F., & Benson, J. A. (2011). Stability of empathy among undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study at one UK medical school. BMC Med Educ, 11, 90. doi: 10.1186/1472-6920-11-90
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Here is a link to the web page on this site focusing on COMPASSION.